Microbial dysbiosis, obesity, and insulin Resistance: Understanding gut-ovary association in polycystic ovary syndrome
Suparna Parua , Anukona Hazra , Krishnendu Adhikary , Krishnendu Ganguly , Deepika Ahuja , Rajkumar Maiti , Lipika Das Mukhopadhyay , Sulagna Dutta , Pragati Panda , Koushik Bhattacharya , Pallav Sengupta , Alak Kumar Syamal
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder, affecting 5–10% of women of reproductive age, and is characterized by complex etiology involving reproductive and metabolic disturbances. The core clinical features include anovulation, irregular ovulation, polycystic ovarian morphology, and hyperandrogenism (HA), with frequent accompaniments of metabolic dysfunctions such as dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), abdominal obesity, and impaired glucose metabolism. The available evidence shows significant involvement of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of PCOS. Alterations in gut, PCOS axis-including changes in gut microbiota composition as contributed by such alterations in the pathogenesis of PCOS and its complications like obesity, IR,
and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), will be discussed in this review.